\begin{thebibliography}{} \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Abelson, Sussman, and Sussman}{Abelson et~al.}{1985}]{AbelsonAndSussman:SICP:1985} Abelson, H., G.~J. Sussman, and J.~Sussman (1985). \newblock {\em {Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs}}. \newblock MIT Press. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Anders}{Anders}{2000}]{Anders:ICMC:2000} Anders, T. (2000). \newblock {Arno: Constraints Programming in Common Music}. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 2000 International Computer Music Conference}. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Anders}{Anders}{2002}]{Anders:ICMC:2002} Anders, T. (2002). \newblock {A wizard's aid: efficient music constraint programming with Oz}. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the 2002 International Computer Music Conference}. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Assayag, Rueda, Laurson, Agon, and Delerue}{Assayag et~al.}{1999}]{Assayag:1999} Assayag, G., C.~Rueda, M.~Laurson, C.~Agon, and O.~Delerue (1999). \newblock {Computer Assisted Composition at IRCAM: From PatchWork to Open Music}. \newblock {\em Computer Music Journal\/}~{\em 23\/}(3). \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Baum}{Baum}{1900}]{Baum:WizardOfOz} Baum, L.~F. (1993, orig. 1900). \newblock {\em {The Wonderful Wizard of Oz}}. \newblock Wordsworth. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Bonnet and Rueda}{Bonnet and Rueda}{1999}]{Bonnet:Rueda:Situation:1999} Bonnet, A. and C.~Rueda (1999). \newblock {\em OpenMusic. Situation. version 3\/} (3rd ed.). \newblock Paris: IRCAM. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Bratko}{Bratko}{2001}]{Bratko:Prolog:2001} Bratko, I. (2001). \newblock {\em Prolog. Programming for Artificial Intelligence}. \newblock Addison-Wesley. \newblock 3rd ed. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Bresson, Agon, and Assayag}{Bresson et~al.}{2005}]{Bresson:etAl:OpenMusic5:2005} Bresson, J., C.~Agon, and G.~Assayag (2005). \newblock {OpenMusic 5: A Cross-Platform Release of the Computer-Assisted Composition Environment}. \newblock In {\em 10th Brazilian Symposium on Computer Music}, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Cheadle, Harvey, Sadler, Schimpf, Shen, and Wallace}{Cheadle et~al.}{2003}]{CheadleEtAl:ECLiPSeIntro:2003} Cheadle, A.~M., W.~Harvey, A.~J. Sadler, J.~Schimpf, K.~Shen, and M.~G. Wallace (2003). \newblock Eclipse: An introduction. \newblock Technical Report IC-PARC-03-1, IC-Parc, Imperial College London. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Chemillier and Truchet}{Chemillier and Truchet}{2001}]{Chemillier:Truchet:2001} Chemillier, M. and C.~Truchet (2001). \newblock {Two Musical CSPs}. \newblock In {\em {Seventh International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, Musical Constraints Workshop}}, Paphos, Cyprus. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Cope}{Cope}{1991}]{Cope:1991} Cope, D. (1991). \newblock {\em {Computers and Musical Style}}. \newblock Madison, WI: A-R Editions. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Cope}{Cope}{1996}]{Cope:EMI:1996} Cope, D. (1996). \newblock {\em {Experiments in Musical Intelligence}}. \newblock Madison, WI: A-R Editions. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Cope}{Cope}{2000}]{Cope:AlgorithmicComposer:2% 000} Cope, D. (2000). \newblock {\em {The Algorithmic Composer}}. \newblock Madison, WI: A-R Editions. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Courtot}{Courtot}{1990}]{Courtot:ICMC90} Courtot, F. (1990). \newblock {A Constraint Based Logic Program for Generating Polyphonies}. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference}, Glasgow. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Dannenberg}{Dannenberg}{1989}]{Dannenberg:Sco% re:1989} Dannenberg, R.~B. (1989). \newblock {The Canon Score Language}. \newblock {\em Computer Music Journal\/}~{\em 13\/}(1). \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Desain}{Desain}{1990}]{Desain:90} Desain, P. (1990). \newblock {Lisp as a second language: functional aspects}. \newblock {\em {Perspectives of New Music}\/}~{\em 28\/}(1). \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Desain and Honing}{Desain and Honing}{1997}]{Desain:Honing:CLOSe:1997} Desain, P. and H.~Honing (1997). \newblock {CLOSe to the edge? Advanced object oriented techniques in the representation of musical knowledge}. \newblock {\em Journal of New Music Research\/}~{\em 2}. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Harris, Smaill, and Wiggins}{Harris et~al.}{1991}]{harris91representing} Harris, M., A.~Smaill, and G.~Wiggins (1991). \newblock Representing music symbolically. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Kretz}{Kretz}{2003}]{Kretz:PRISMA01:2003} Kretz, J. (2003). \newblock {Continuous Gestures of Structured Material. Experiences in Computer Aided Composition}. \newblock In {\em PRISMA 01}. Milano: EuresisEdizioni. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Laurson}{Laurson}{1996}]{Laurson:PhD:1996} Laurson, M. (1996). \newblock {\em {PATCHWORK: A Visual Programming Language and some Musical Applications}}. \newblock Ph.\ D. thesis, Sibelius Academy, Helsinki. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Laurson and Kuuskankare}{Laurson and Kuuskankare}{2001}]{Laurson:2001} Laurson, M. and M.~Kuuskankare (2001). \newblock {A Constraint Based Approach to Musical Textures and Instrumental Writing}. \newblock In {\em {Seventh International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, Musical Constraints Workshop}}, Paphos, Cyprus. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Mitchell}{Mitchell}{1997}]{Mitchell:MachineLe% arning:1997} Mitchell, T.~M. (1997). \newblock {\em Machine Learning}. \newblock McGraw-Hill. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Morales and Morales}{Morales and Morales}{1995}]{Morales:Morales:LearningRules:1995} Morales, E. and R.~Morales (1995). \newblock {Learning Musical Rules}. \newblock In {\em Proceedings of the IJCAI-95 International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Music, 14th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-95)}, Montreal, Canada. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Pachet and Roy}{Pachet and Roy}{1995}]{Pachet:Roy:ConstraintsAndObjects:95} Pachet, F. and P.~Roy (1995). \newblock {Mixing Constraints and Objects: a Case Study in Automatic Harmonization}. \newblock In I.~Graham, B.~Magnusson, and J.-M. Nerson (Eds.), {\em Proceedings of {TOOLS}-Europe{'}95, Versailles, France}. Prentice-Hall, Hertfordshire, UK. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Pachet and Roy}{Pachet and Roy}{2001}]{Pachet:Roy:2000} Pachet, F. and P.~Roy (2001). \newblock {Musical Harmonization with Constraints: A Survey}. \newblock {\em Constraints Journal\/}~{\em 6\/}(1). \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Pope}{Pope}{1991}]{Pope:OO:1991} Pope, S.~T. (Ed.) (1991). \newblock {\em {The Well-Tempered Object: Musical Applications of Object-Oriented Software Technology}}. \newblock MIT Press. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Pope}{Pope}{1992}]{Pope:SmOKe} Pope, S.~T. (1992). \newblock {The Smoke Music Representation, Description Language, and Interchange Format}. \newblock In {\em ICMC 1992}. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Rueda, Lindberg, Laurson, Block, and Assayag}{Rueda et~al.}{1998}]{Rueda:1998} Rueda, C., M.~Lindberg, M.~Laurson, G.~Block, and G.~Assayag (1998). \newblock {Integrating Constraint Programming in Visual Musical Composition Languages}. \newblock In {\em {ECAI 98 Workshop on Constraints for Artistic Applications}}, Brighton. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Russell and Norvig}{Russell and Norvig}{2002}]{RussellAndNorvig:AI} Russell, S.~J. and P.~Norvig (2002). \newblock {\em {Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach}\/} (2nd ed.). \newblock Prentice Hall. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Sandred}{Sandred}{2000}]{Sandred:OMRC:2000} Sandred, O. (2000). \newblock {\em OMRC 1.1. A library for controlling rhythm by constraints\/} (2nd ed.). \newblock Paris: IRCAM. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Sandred}{Sandred}{2003}]{Sandred:PRISMA01:200% 3} Sandred, O. (2003). \newblock {Searching for a Rhythmical Language}. \newblock In {\em PRISMA 01}. Milano: EuresisEdizioni. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Schottstaedt}{Schottstaedt}{1989}]{Schottstae% dt:Counterpoint:1989} Schottstaedt, W. (1989). \newblock {Automatic Counterpoint}. \newblock In M.~V. Mathews and J.~R. Pierce (Eds.), {\em {Current Directions in Computer Music Research}}. The MIT Press. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Schulte}{Schulte}{2002}]{Schulte:Book:2002} Schulte, C. (2002). \newblock {\em Programming Constraint Services}, Volume 2302 of {\em Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence}. \newblock Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{SICS}{SICS}{}]{SICStus:Site} SICS. \newblock {SICStus Prolog}. \newblock \url{http://www.sics.se/isl/sicstuswww/site/index.html} (accessed 24 May 2006). \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Truchet}{Truchet}{}]{Truchet:OMBTTutorial} Truchet, C. \newblock {OMBacktrack Tutorial}. \newblock \url{http://www.ircam.fr/equipes/repmus/OpenMusic/Documentation/OMUserDocume% ntation/DocFiles/Reference/backtrack tutorial/} (accessed 25 May 2006). \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Truchet, Agon, and Codognet}{Truchet et~al.}{2001}]{Truchet:Chypre2001} Truchet, C., C.~Agon, and P.~Codognet (2001). \newblock {A Constraint Programming System for Music Composition, Preliminary Results}. \newblock In {\em {Seventh International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, Musical Constraints Workshop}}, Paphos, Cyprus. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Truchet, Assayag, and Codognet}{Truchet et~al.}{2003}]{Truchet:etAl:2003} Truchet, C., G.~Assayag, and P.~Codognet (2003). \newblock {OMClouds, a heuristic solver for musical constraints}. \newblock In {\em {MIC2003: The Fifth Metaheuristics International Conference}}, Kyoto, Japan. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{van Roy and Haridi}{van Roy and Haridi}{2004}]{Roy:OzBook} van Roy, P. and S.~Haridi (2004). \newblock {\em {Concepts, Techniques, and Models of Computer Programming}}. \newblock MIT Press. \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Wolkow}{Wolkow}{1939}]{Wolkow:Smaragdenstadt} Wolkow, A. (2005, Russian orig. 1939). \newblock {\em {Der Zauberer der Smaragdenstadt}}. \newblock Leiv Buchhandels- und Verlagsanstalt. \end{thebibliography}